Printing technique

Test Which printing technique is right for you?

Those looking for the right processing method for their project will quickly find themselves faced with a wide range of options. This page clearly introduces the most important techniques and shows which HALFTONE best suit creative ideas at a glance.

We are happy to support you with our expertise in making the right choice, from first impression to perfect realization. Here, you can find helpful information and application examples for your work. 

Explore the wide range of printing technique possibilities offered by HALFTONE  like, Offset printing, Letterpress, Silk-screen printing, VarnishingHot foil, Blind Embossing & Debossing, Die Cutting, Folding, Gluing, Lamination, Wrapping, Folding & Gathering, Cutting. 

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Offset printing

Offset printing impresses with its razor-sharp details, rich colors, and excellent reproducibility, making it ideal for medium to large print runs. In this process, the ink is transferred indirectly to the paper via a printing plate, enabling particularly uniform results. Compared to digital printing, offset printing excels in color fidelity, efficiency, and the variety of finishing options it offers.

In offset printing, a distinction is made between two processes: classic and UV offset. The difference lies mainly in the choice of inks (conventional offset inks / UV-curing inks) and the drying methods (by oxidation-absorption / immediately by UV light).

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Letterpress

Letterpress combines color and embossing. Targeted pressure embosses lettering and motifs into the material, creating fine indentations in the paper. At the same time, color is applied to give the motif visual depth. The result is a unique interplay of texture, color, and structure.

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Silk-screen printing

In silk-screen printing, ink is applied directly to paper through a fine-mesh screen. This process creates rich, vibrant layers of color with a unique texture and visual depth. It is ideal for high-quality printing projects where color and texture are important.

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Varnishing

Oxidative / Acrilic varnish: A layer of gloss, matt or neutral protective thin varnish layer added during the printing stage on the printing press, within the same offset machine that prints the actual inks. It can be applied to the entire surface of the page (overall varnish) or only to a part (spot varnish).

UV varnish : A varnish applied to printed matter and subsequently dried with UV rays in a drying unit, located in the final part of the printing press. It helps to ensure particularly bright and resistant results.

Oxidative / Acrilic varnish: A layer of gloss, matt or neutral protective thin varnish layer added during the printing stage on the printing press, within the same offset machine that prints the actual inks. It can be applied to the entire surface of the page (overall varnish) or only to a part (spot varnish).

UV varnish : A varnish applied to printed matter and subsequently dried with UV rays in a drying unit, located in the final part of the printing press. It helps to ensure particularly bright and resistant results.

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Hot foil

Choose from matte, glossy, metallic, holographic, or textured finishes. Hot foil adds impressive accents, making every printed product an eye-catcher. From elegant invitations to glossy packaging, the variety of colors and surfaces offers unlimited design possibilities.

Elegant look: The use of glossy and metallic films creates a high-quality effect.

Durability: The film adheres very well to the surface due to the pressure and heat and resists abrasion, which ensures a long-lasting and high-quality look.

Wide range of colors and effects: Various metallic, glittering or holographic effects can be achieved with hot foil stamping.

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Blind Embossing & Debossing

Blind embossing is a printing technique in which a raised or recessed printed image without ink or foil is embossed into the paper using pressure. The printed product makes an impression through its shape and feel alone. You have to feel it. An experience for the senses.

No colors: In contrast to other printing processes, no ink or foil is used in blind embossing. It is all about the striking and tangible effect of the embossing itself.

A special embossing plate with the printed image is produced for printing. This plate can be raised or recessed, depending on how the motif is structured. The paper is positioned between the counterpart and the embossing plate. The motif on the embossing plate is then transferred to the paper by applying pressure. Haptic effect: Blind embossing gives the material a tangible texture and therefore an intense haptic experience. It remains in the memory.

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Die Cutting

Die-cutting is a process that uses a die to cut through materials like paper and cardboard on a die press. This technique allows you to make identical cuts in the material multiple times. Widely used in the packaging industry, it efficiently mass-produces custom packaging designs.

 A cut goes through the material to separate the product from the paper or board web, while a crease is a partial cut used to ease the folding of the packaging on customer packing lines. The cut and crease process can either be done with a flat die (flatbed) or a rotary die. Complex shapes can be generated both for cutting and creasing using a laser rather than a blade.

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Folding, Gluing

In essence, the folding and gluing process transforms a piece of flat material into a finished product such as a box, envelope, or promotional item. This is achieved by folding the blank along pre-creased lines and applying the adhesive that will hold the product together.

Folder-gluers are suitable for processing a wide range of materials including solid board. Their use is seen mainly in the packaging industry where they transform flat blanks into straight-line, crash-lock bottom, or multi-point boxes.

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Lamination

Lamination is a crucial process in the printing and packaging industry, enhancing both the durability and visual appeal of materials. Lamination protects against wear, moisture, and handling while elevating the overall look of items from glossy brochures to high-end product packaging.

If you’ve ever faced issues with printed materials deteriorating too quickly, lamination is the solution. It provides a protective barrier that prevents damage while preserving colors and creating a range of finishes from sleek gloss to elegant matte, velvet-touch, metal or even pearlescent effects that enhance the visual and tactile appeal of your materials.

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Wrapping, Folding & Gathering, Cutting.

In essence, the folding and gluing process transforms a piece of flat material into a finished product such as a box, envelope, or promotional item. This is achieved by folding the blank along pre-creased lines and applying the adhesive that will hold the product together.

Folder-gluers are suitable for processing a wide range of materials including solid board. Their use is seen mainly in the packaging industry where they transform flat blanks into straight-line, crash-lock bottom, or multi-point boxes.

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Glossary

Browse our comprehensive glossary of terms

B

Binding

A book-making procedure 63 that involves sewing or gluing signatures and then adding a cover. The most common are hardbac binding and soft cover binding, with all their variants.

Blind embossing

Printing that impresses a design (embossed or debossed) on the paper without using inks. It is performed using a metallic die (cliché) and a counter-die, between which the sheet is placed.

C

Closed format

The size of printed matter when folded: for example, a 3 flap leaflet with a horizontal A4 open format has a closed format of 99×210 mm

Converting

Processing that makes a paper adhesive, by applying an adhesive layer and protective film behind it. Arconvert is the company of Fedrigoni Group deals with converting.

Creasing

A preparatory operation for folding, to mark the folding line with a crease and thereby avoid surface defects and cracks. It may be carried out simultaneously with diecutting. It is necessary when folding heavy papers and boards

D

Die cutter

A metal die used to cut a sheet of paper into a particular shape. It is required in all cases where the desired shape is not a simple rectangle but has irregular or curved outlines. A die cutter can also be used for creasing and for envelope windows.

Duplexing

A process that uses glue to permanently join two or more layers of paper, paper and board. It can be used increase the overall grammage material, obtain sheets have different characteristics on sides, even bond printable non-printable materials. is especially in packaging stationery fields. To an optimal result, papers must similar weights grain direction perpendicular each other.

DieCut bag

A die-cut bag is a type of packaging where the handle is cut directly out of the bag material rather than being attached separately

F

Four-colour printing

A system for the reproduction and printing of images and colours, that makes it possible to simulate a wide chromatic range through the combination of four inks (cyan, magenta, yellow and black, abbreviated as CMYK); intensity is set by the frequency or ruling of the halftone screen.

H

Hot foil stamping (or foil blocking)

Printing by hot transfer of a pigment from a foil to the printed sheet. It ensures perfect covering and bright colours, and is especially used to obtain very realistic metallic effects. Recently, digital systems have been developed that achieve a similar effect.

L

Letterpress printing

Printing system with relief matrix, in which the text is traditionally set by hand with movable type in lead or wood and the images are reproduced with metallic k clichés. Currently, the production of relief matrices is mainly carried out starting from digital files using a photopolymer as support. Letterpress printing is a technique no longer used for commercial printing, but still much appreciated for fine art editions and publications.

O

Offset printing

A planographic and indirect printing process, where the printing surface comprises a metal plate marked with graphic elements by means of a digital procedure (Computer To Plate, CTP). Thanks to a chemical treatment of the surface, the printing areas attract ink and the free areas repel it. During the printing stage, the ink is transferred to a rubber roller and from this to the sheet of paper. Recently, UV and H-UV offset printing is becoming more popular. These techniques use special inks that are dried rapidly thanks to UV lamps inside the printing machine.

P

Pantone Matching System or PMS

A colour identification system developed by the company with the same name, which has become a reference standard for printing with spot colours.

Plastic lamination

The application of a transparent protective film to printed material with a gloss or matt finish. It may be performed as a hot or cold process. Metallised plastic laminationcovering films (gold, silver and copper) and others offering particular effects (holograms, iridescence, etc.) are available commercially.

R

Register

Correct alignment of colours in the printing stage; it is particularly important in fourcolour printing.

S

Screen printing

Printing performed through a very fine mesh fabric screen mounted on a frame. The frame is treated with a photographic process to block the areas that must not be printed and leave the others free. The ink is pressed through the fabric and deposited on the sheet of paper below. Screen printing makes it possible to use very high coverage inks, including white, and to print on card/board, fabric or other materials that cannot be inserted into other printing presses.

Specialty printing (or enhancement)

The set of special finishing techniques that allow to enrich printed matter with particular details. Includes techniques such as hot foil stamping, thermographic printing or spot varnish. Some of these can be realised with digital technologies.

Spot varnish (or zonal varnish)

A varnish applied only to certain parts of the page, in order to highlight them over the surrounding portions.

V

Varnish / UV varnish

A layer of gloss, matt or neutral protective material added during the printing stage on the printing press, within the same offset machine that prints the actual inks. It can be applied to the entire surface of the page (overall varnish) or only to a part (spot varnish). A varnish applied to printed matter and subsequently dried with UV rays in a drying unit, located in the final part of the printing press. It helps to ensure particularly bright and resistant results.
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